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Lastly, the concentration of iodide Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 12:30:56 +0000 First, the concentration of iodide in the water of red blood cells is almost identical to that in the plasma water. Further, iodide is markedly accumulated by the thyroid gland. Lastly, the concentration of iodide in the gastric and salivary secretions far exceeds its concentration in the extracellular fluid. Autor of the post: Undefined Iodide may be excreted Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 12:12:39 +0000 The plasma concentration of inorganic iodide is less than 1 jitg/100 ml and constitutes only about 10 to 20% of the total plasma iodine concentration. Thus, the thyroid hormones account for the major portion of plasma iodine.Iodide may be excreted from the body by way of sweat, feces, and milk; however, these routes under ordinary circumstances account for negligible losses from the body. Autor of the post: Undefined The clearance of iodide Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 11:53:19 +0000 This is illustrated by the fact that 98% of a dose of radioactive iodide administered to an athy-reotic individual can be recovered in the urine. Thus, the kidney serves as the chief excretory organ for iodide. The clearance of iodide is always much less than that of inu-lin under a variety of experimental condi-tions but is considerably higher than that of other halides. Autor of the post: Undefined Although there are species differences Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 11:39:04 +0000 Urinary loss of iodide continues under conditions of serious deficiency, indicating that there is no renal threshold for iodide. Moreover, increasing the filtered load of iodide by inorganic iodide loading does not suggest the existence of a transport maximum for reabsorption of the anion.Although there are species differences in the rate of renal clearance of iodide and intersubject variations in man, it now seems clear that the major mechanism for the ex-cretion of iodide is similar to that of other halides, namely, glomerular filtration and passive reabsorption due to the electrical gradient produced by the active transport of Na+; however, Cl~ and Br- are reabsorbed to a much greater extent than is I- (see Walser and Rahill, 1965). Autor of the post: Undefined )Pharmacological Actions Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 11:22:40 +0000 While the renal excretion of I- can be increased by procedures that promote Cl~ excretion (e g, osmotic diuresis, chloruretic diuretics, salt loading), the ratios of their respective clearances remain essentially unchanged. (See also Fregly and McCarthy, 1973.)Pharmacological Actions. Autor of the post: Undefined Neither the CNS nor Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 11:06:13 +0000 There are few known pharmacological effects of iodide, other than those on the thyroid. After intravenous administration, no specific response has been observed. Neither the CNS nor the circulatory system is affected. Autor of the post: Undefined This does not depend Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 10:48:00 +0000 Iodide compounds are employed extensively as expectorants because of the stimulatory effect of iodide on bronchial secretion.Iodide exerts an effect on granulomatous lesions in that it induces resolution of syphilitic gummata and the granulomatous lesions of tuberculosis, leprosy, and various fungal diseases. This does not depend on the effect of iodide on the responsible microorganism. Autor of the post: Undefined Ingestion of large amounts Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 10:30:57 +0000 Toxicology. Acute poisoning from an initial dose of iodide is relatively rare, and even after intrave-nous injection reactions seldom occur. Ingestion of large amounts of iodide may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Autor of the post: Undefined Angioedema is the outstanding symptom Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 10:18:11 +0000 An occasional individual, however, shows a marked sensitivity; therefore, before iodide salts or organic iodine preparations are given by the in-travenous route, the tolerance of the individual should be determined. The onset of acute iodide poisoning may occur immediately or several hours after the administration of the salt. Angioedema is the outstanding symptom, and swelling of the larynx may lead to suffocation. Autor of the post: Undefined Fatal periarteritis nodosa attributed Post Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 10:07:26 +0000 Multiple cutaneous hemor-rhages may be present. Also, manifestations of the serum-sickness type of hypersensitivity, such asfever, arthralgia, lymph node enlargement, and eosinophilia, may appear. Fatal periarteritis nodosa attributed to hypersensitivity to iodide has been described. 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