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The net result Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 1:38:54 +0000 This reacts with the body buffers. The interaction between hydrogen ion and bicarbonate leads to the formation of C02, which is excreted by the lungs. The net result is the displacement of bicarbonate by chloride, and the production of a metabolic acidosis. Autor of the post: Undefined As a result of the increase Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 1:28:28 +0000 The administration of NH4+C1~, therefore, does not change the total concentration of electrolyte in the extracellular fluid, since the addition of a labile cation (NH4+) and a fixed anion (Cl~) leads to the ultimate disappearance of an equivalent amount of labile cation (H+) and labile anion (HC03-). Thus, while ammonium chloride does not expand extracellular fluid volume, it does alter its composition.As a result of the increase in the chloride concentration of the extracellular fluid, the chloride load to the tubules is acutely aug-mented and an appreciable amount will escape reabsorption along with an equivalent amount of cation and an isosmotic quantity of water. Autor of the post: Undefined By enhancing the excretion Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 1:12:19 +0000 The cation is obtained from the body fluids and consists predominantly of sodium. Potassium excretion is also increased but to a lesser extent. By enhancing the excretion of both extracellular electrolyte and water, acidifying salts bring about a net loss of extracellular fluid. Autor of the post: Undefined The kidney can accomplish Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 0:59:54 +0000 As a result of the acidosis produced by acidifying salts, the renal defense of the acid-base pattern of the extracellular fluid comes into play. This calls for the excretion of chlo-ride unaccompanied by fixed cation. The kidney can accomplish this by elaborating ammonia, secreting H+ in exchange for Na+,and thereby excreting Cl~ in combination with NH4+. Autor of the post: Undefined Therapeutic Uses Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 0:46:26 +0000 When full compensation is achieved, the amount of ammonium chloride excreted by the kidney will be equal to that ingested in the usual diuretic dose. Once this balance occurs, ammonium chloride is no longer effective in mobilizing edema fluid (see Pitts, 1974).Therapeutic Uses. Autor of the post: Undefined They may cause gastric irritation Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 0:30:54 +0000 The preparations employed in therapy are described elsewhere (see Index). The acid-forming diuretics are ordinarily given orally. They may cause gastric irritation and are likely to induce nausea and vomiting. Autor of the post: Undefined The dose varies from 8 Post Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 0:13:29 +0000 Ammonium nitrate pro-duces the least gastrointestinal distress, but occa-sionally it may cause methemoglobinemia. Ammo-nium Chloride, N F, is now the most commonly employed agent, and is usually administered in enteric-coated tablets. The dose varies from 8 to 12 g daily, given in divided portions at mealtime. Autor of the post: Undefined Acid-forming salts have very limited value Post Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2008 23:56:31 +0000 The salt should not be employed when renal function is markedly impaired, as in chronic nephritis, because of the danger of producing uncompensated acidosis. Severe hepatic failure is also a contraindication to the administration of ammonium salts for any pur-pose.Acid-forming salts have very limited value as pri-mary diuretics. Autor of the post: Undefined In the case Post Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2008 23:38:24 +0000 As discussed above, they are effective only in promoting a net loss of extracellular electro-lyte and water for a period of 1 or 2 days. Their chief value is to compensate for the alkalosis induced by the mercurial diuretics, the high-ceiling diuretics, and, less commonly, the thiazides. In the case of the mercurial diuretics, their activity is impaired by alka-losis (see below). Autor of the post: Undefined Calomel (mercurous chloride) was used Post Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2008 23:19:04 +0000 Under no circumstances is there justification for the prolonged administration of acidi-fying salts as the sole diuretic agent.MERCURIAL DIURETICSHistory. Calomel (mercurous chloride) was used as a diuretic by Paracelsus in the sixteenth century. 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