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Vasopressin tannate (PITRESSIN TANNATE) Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 19:34:09 +0000
Lypressin (DIAPID) is available as a nasal spray containing 50 USP posterior pituitary units (pressor) per milliliter. One spray into a nostril pro-vides approximately 2 pressor units.Vasopressin tannate (PITRESSIN TANNATE) is a water-insoluble tannate of the antidiuretic principle.

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THERAPEUTIC USES Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 19:21:17 +0000
It is marketed suspended in peanut oil (vasopressin tannate injection). Each milliliter contains 5 pressor units.THERAPEUTIC USES.

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ADH provides the most effective Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 19:11:09 +0000
The actions of ADH on the kidney, the circulation, and the intestinal tract provide the basis for the therapeutic applications of the hormone.Antidiuretic Action. ADH provides the most effective therapy for diabetes insipidus of pituitary origin.

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Sustained absorption can be attained Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 18:54:59 +0000
If the polyuria is due to a deficiency in secre-tion of the neurohypophysis, normal urine volume can be restored by administration of the antidiuretic principle in any form. This cannot conveniently be accomplished by injection of aqueous solutions, which must be given either in large dosage or at frequent intervals to provide a continuous action. Sustained absorption can be attained by the nasal insufflation of approximately 40 mg of dry posterior pituitary powder at intervals of 6 to 10 hours.

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The effects are somewhat cumulative Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 18:44:18 +0000
Even more effective control of urine volume is achieved by the intramuscular injection of vasopressin tannate in oil. The dose must be adjusted to the individual and ranges around 0,25 ml (1,25 units) daily. The effects are somewhat cumulative, and the adequacy of a given dose cannot be ascertained for several days.

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However, as with the above Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 18:29:26 +0000
In some patients, adequate control can be obtained by injections at 48-hour intervals. Lypres-sin nasal spray is usually applied in doses of 4 units by one or two sprays into each nostril four times a day. However, as with the above preparations, the dose required for antidiuresis varies and must be individualized.

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Under these circumstances the rate Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 18:10:02 +0000
The presence of polydipsia and polyuria is not in itself pathognomonic of abnormal function of the pars nervosa. In an occasional individual, a syn-drome simulating diabetes insipidus results from a primary polydipsia, the secretion of ADH being held in abeyance by continued hydration. Under these circumstances the rate of urine flow is reduced by the injection of hypertonic sodium chloride solution, whereas in diabetes insipidus of pituitary origin urine flow is increased.

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In such individuals, the inability Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 17:59:58 +0000
This procedure provides a rapid means of differential diagnosis. Certain pa-tients with diabetes insipidus are completely refrac-tory to the effects of administered antidiuretic prin-ciple. In such individuals, the inability of the kidney to reabsorb water adequately is due to a renal func-tional anomaly, frequently hereditary, rather than to hypofunction of the pars nervosa, but on rare occa-sions it may be drug induced (e g, by lithium).

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The concentrating capacity Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 17:43:57 +0000
This polyuria, referred to as nephrogenic diabetes insipi-dus, responds, however, to treatment with the thia-zide diuretics (see below).The antidiuretic principle is useful in a variety of diagnostic tests. The concentrating capacity of the kidney can be rapidly determined by injecting 5 to 10 units of a suitable preparation intramuscularly and measuring the specific gravity of the urine voided 1 and 2 hours later.

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Similarly, posterior pituitary preparations can Post Date: Sun, 12 Oct 2008 17:30:52 +0000
The increase in concentration obtained is equivalent to that resulting from 18 hours of water deprivation. The test has the advantage that it may be carried out on unprepared patients, is rapidly executed, and is more reliable than water deprivation in edematous individuals. Similarly, posterior pituitary preparations can be administered 15 to 20 minutes prior to the injection of contrast media for intravenous urography, to ensure maximal concentration of the contrast material in the urinary tract.

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